Organism Adaptations Essays - Ecology, Systems Ecology, Fisheries

Organism Adaptations 1)stimulus: a change in the environment that necessities a response, or adjustment by an organism (ex. swirling dust) response: the adjustment or change you make to a stimulus (ex. blinking your eyes) 2)Protists respond to a negative stimuli by moving away from it. Protists respond to: light, irritating chemicals, temperature, touch, etc. 3)Yes, they grow towards the stimulus (ex. light). photoropism: it means the organism grows towards the light. no geotropism: it means the organism grows towards the ground. no 4)This is because animals have the most highly developed sensory systems of all organisms. 5)Three factors that affect an organism's response are the type, number, and complexity of an animal's sense organs. The way they affect the response is determined by the type, number, and complexity of the animal's sense organs. 6)positive: food, money negative: a man pointing a gun at you neutral: sound of traffic 7)In general, organisms go towards positive stimuli, and go away from n egative one. 8)voluntary: eating a bowl of hot chicken soup involuntary: watering of your mouth learned: talking 9)When an animal receives a scare, it can either Fight, Flight (go away from), Freeze the/from organism that is scaring that animal. The animal releases adrenaline that gives it the strength to do one of those things. pg. 136 #3,4,challenger) 3)automatic: i)blinking your eyes when dust gets in them ii)mouth waters when you smell food iii)moving your hand away when it gets burned voluntary: i)eat a bowl of soup ii)drink water iii)watching TV 4)The stimulus. You need the stimulus to make a response. b)No, it is not possible. This is because with an action, there is a reaction. No, you need a stimuli to make a response, otherwise it is not really a response. 5)i)it comes out of the ground ii)it crows iii)it barks and chases the perpetrator iv)it chases and eats a gazelle b)i)the flooding of its home ii)getting light iii)the person breaking in iv)its hunger Challenger It help s to keep the brain and heart from freezing. pg. 146 #1-5) 1)i)taste ii)touch iii)sight iv)smell v)hearing 2)The protists can only sense chemical. 3)This effect is called sensory adaptation. b)An advantage is that you aren't bothered by the smell. A disadvantage is if you are accustomed to the smell of smoke, the smell of smoke might not alert you if your house is on fire. b)cone: when it is light out rod: when it is dark out c)They aren't as developed as some other organisms. 5)Eyelid: this is because your hell cells are very tough from being walked on. This causes them not to be very sensitive. 5-6-1993 pg.13 #1-6) 1)environment: everything in an organism's surroundings biotic environment: all living things in an environment abiotic environment: non living things in an environment 2)When you breathe, your body extracts oxygen from the air. b) large animal eats smaller animal smaller animals larger animal dies and eats plants fertilizes ground soil grows plants 3)biology,ecology: they are the study of things on earth; ecology is the study of environment, biology is the study of animals b)producers,consumers: they live off the environment; pro. manufactures food, con. can't manufacture other food, but eat other organisms c)scavenger,decomposer: both live of off dead organisms; decom. break down the bodies of dead organisms d)habitat,niche: have to do with were an animal lives hab.=enviro. space were an organism lives, niche = way an organism reacts with its environment e)environment,ecosystem: were organisms live; enviro.= everything in an organism's surroundings, eco.= were organisms of a distinct group interact 4)a)auto b)hetro c) auto d)auto e)auto f)hetro 5)biosphere: layer of planet where living things exist and interact b)lithosphere: solid portion of the Earth's surface c)hydrosphere: layer of water that covers nearly 3/4 of the Earth's surface d)atmosphere: mass of air surroundin g the Earth 6)The scavengers come and totally eat the carcass. The decomposers decompose the carcass and it fertilizes the ditch. pg. 18 #1-6) 1)herbivore: animals that consume only plant material (ex. cattle, sheep) trophic level: how directly a consumer interacts with the producers of its ecosystem food chain: a feeding sequence in which each kind of organism eats the one below it in the chain (ex. grass -> mouse -> wolf) 2)Because the producer provides the food for the

Fate and Suffering in Of Mice and Men Essays

Fate and Suffering in Of Mice and Men Essays Fate and Suffering in Of Mice and Men Paper Fate and Suffering in Of Mice and Men Paper Essay Topic: Of Mice and Men In the novel Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck illustrates that even with perseverance, fate is inevitable and will destroy hope and whatever plans are made, resulting in suffering. One aspect of fate is that it is inevitable, and man fails to control it with planning, seen when George, Lennie and Candy are in the bunkhouse, waiting to hear the sound of a gunshot signaling the death of Candy’s dog. â€Å"Almost automatically George shuffled the cards and laid out his solitaire hand. He used a deliberate, thoughtful, slowness. Lennie reached for a face card and studied it, then turned it upside down and studied it. ‘Both ends the same,’ he said. ‘George, why is it both ends the same?’†(Steinbeck 55). Comparable to the futile struggle against the Dust Bowl, Steinbeck displays powerlessness with the cards. The design of the cards is symbolic of fate, which has ultimate control and no matter the situation, or how one selects t o handle it, that same result of suffering will persist. It always â€Å"ends the same†. The laying down of cards is a metaphor for making plans, so no matter how George plans with a â€Å"deliberate, thoughtful, slowness†, the outcome of fate is always the same. George is â€Å"automatically† drawn to shuffle the cards, revealing human nature to take control of one’s future. When faced with the threat of losing control, one will â€Å"shuffle the cards† and set up to find control, much like how shuffling of cards sets up the game of solitaire. Humanity has this optimism that control is possible, and chooses to believe that putting in an effort will result in a better outcome. Steinbeck applies irony here in that men try to take control by â€Å"shuffling cards† so that they can beginning planning for the game ahead, but at this point their fates have already been determined, in fact, by the shuffling. Foreshadowing the death of Candy’s dog, the cards depict the idea that while man may have a slight deterrent on :

Analysis of Sheet Music, Johann Sebastian Bach

Score analysis Many people are listening to music and enjoying music, but not everyone analyzes music to find more complex things like formal analysis and melody. However, by checking the music of these things, you can better understand the music. This makes people more appreciate music. Some of the best music analysis is classical music. This is because classical music has various levels and has been tested for many years. In this article I am examining Bach's preface to D Major - Fuga's work on background, formal elements, and cultural elements. Johann Sebastian Bach is the youngest eighth child of Johann Ambrosius Bach musician and Elizabeth Lemmerhirt. Rod Bach is known for his musicality in the early 16th century. Many of Johan Sebastian's ancestors were professional musicians. Meanwhile, churches, local governments, and aristocrats supported musicians, especially in Thuringia and Saxony. My father Bach lives and works in Eisenach. There are about 6,000 inhabitants in this city. John Ambrosius's work includes holding secular concerts and church music performances. John Sebastian Bach, born in Eisenach, Germany on March 21, 1685, is the youngest of the church organists John Ambrosius Bach and Elizabeth Ramel Bach. Bach's musician family can be traced back to 7 generations. This family is also a devout Lutheran (religion based on beliefs of faith, God forgives their sins). Bach accepted his father's violin course. He also has a beautiful voice and sings in the church choir. In 1694, his mother and father died within two months. At the age of 10, Johann Sebastian moved to Germany's Odrap and lived with his brother John Christophe, the organizer of St. Michael's Church. Johan Sebastian received his first instruction on keyboard instrument from him. Johann Sebastian Bach's father, Johann Ambrosius Bach, taught him how to play the violin and harp when he was a child. After his father and mother died within 9 months, John Sebastian lived with his younger brother John Christophe Bach. Organist John Sebastian studied the organ and harpsichord under his brother's supervision. John Christophe believes that his brothers will learn many compositions by copying the work so that they will copy Jacob Froberger, Johann Casper Kell, Pachelbel's work to J. Sebastian I asked. Then, when he became a member of Mettenchor (Mattins Choir), J. Sebastian can be learned at the music library of Luneburg Stadium.

Design System and Security Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Design System and Security Control - Essay Example This includes user errors, malicious and non-malicious attacks, accidents as well as external attack from hackers, who try to gain access to the system and disrupt the various system operations hence rendering it useless, or data alteration or even data loss. There are a number of system security and control requirements that are required for the implementation of the ACA Technology. The system will need protection in terms of the following aspects of data. The system should ensure confidentiality. This implies that the system should hold information that requires its protection from any unauthorized disclosures. This includes personal information as well as business proprietary information. Authentication Secondly, authentication is another important aspect of any given system. This is defined as the act of establishing the identity of a given user as well as the host being used. The first objective of authentication is usually first to establish that the given person and/ or system which is attempting to gain access to the system has the permission to do so. The second objective is usually the gathering of the information detailing the way the particular user is gaining access to the system. Smart cards, bank cards, computer chips are used to identify the identity of a given person. Some of the devices require the user to also supply a password or personal identification number (PIN) to verify their identity. The third method is by use of Biometric identification. This method uses the Biometric science that identifies a given person based on their physical characteristics. This includes voice recognition, palm, thumbprint identification as well as retinal scan. Authorization Thirdly is the authorization which is another vital aspect of system control. This is defined as the act of determining the access level that a particular user has to behavior and data. Under this aspect of system control, effective approaches to authorization need to be first established . A number of questions need to be addressed i.e. â€Å"What shall we control access to?† As we know it’s possible to implement secure access to both data and functionality for example access to monthly sales figures and the ability to fire a given employee respectively. While this is being done a number of factors need to be checked to ensure that the implementation is cost effective and conforms to the performance constraints. The second question that arises is â€Å"what rules shall be applicable?† to be in a position to answer this question effectively, the stakeholders' requirements need to be factored in and included should be other security factors which the stakeholders may not be aware of. These factors will include; the connection type, update access, the time of the day, the existence, privileges level, global permissions etc.

A Study into the Process of Downsizing and Reengineering Essay - 2

A Study into the Process of Downsizing and Reengineering - Essay Example wnsizing and reengineering as well as practical applications need to stress total quality management (TQM), improvement of total level of strategic thinking, reengineering instead of downsizing whenever possible, process safety management (PSM), and other factors. Managing expert Geoffrey James argues that downsizing is one of the five stupid management concepts that should be cut from the management corpus (2010). â€Å"How, exactly, did the company get into a situation where it needed to fire people in order to remain competitive?†, James asks. Yes, markets can be unpredictable and things can change at the drop of a hat, but this is what management is for. Downsizing is a sign of company failure: It is a sign that the company did not anticipate the changing marketplace and grew too much or spent too much. Downsizing is passing the buck: Management failed, but workers pay the bill. When downsizing is required, CEOs should be fired, not improved. Reengineering needs to be conceptually separated from downsizing. Downsizing is almost by definition cutting down capital, particularly labor. It involves terminating peoples jobs, hurting resumes, economic dislocation and externalizing onto the system. But reengineering is a far more generic term. Reengineerings popularity has led to a backlash effect (Business Architects, 1999). It is often confused for downsizing, and thus has become negatively associated with the concept. Further, reengineering, unlike downsizing, can be conceptually â€Å"fuzzy† (Business Architects, 1999). Whats the bright line between reengineering and simply changing a companys strategic approach? If reengineering involves firing some people, isnt that downsizing? What if it merely involves some demotions, or some increases in responsibility without commensurate increases in pay? Nonetheless, reengineering is in fact very different from downsizing, and has unfortunately been falsely associated with do wnsizing when it is conceptually

To be, or not to be Monologue Essay Example for Free

To be, or not to be Monologue Essay ‘To be, or not to be: that is the question: Whether ’tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, And by opposing end them?† Perhaps the most oft quoted of the bard’s words, this soloiloquy by Hamlet in Act III, Sc. 1 (58-62) defines the highest point of the dramatic conflict that is going on in the protagonist’s mind and reveals most insightfully the character of the prince and the crux of his great tragedy. Hamlet, the Prince of Denmark, is troubled by the ethical implications of committing suicide: whether to live and suffer the vagaries of fate that humankind is subject to; or whether to rebel against the utter helplessness of the human condition and end it all in death.   The character of Hamlet is of a philosophical and contemplative bent and he is deeply troubled by ethical and philosophical issues that can never be answered with complete certainty. The contemplation of suicide at the height of his troubles is yet another example of this turn in his character. Is it noble â€Å"to suffer/ The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune†¦?†, Hamlet reflects and we are reminded of another of Shakespeare’s great tragic drama, King Lear, where after being mercilessly maltreated at the hands of fate Gloucester arrive at a similar conclusion about the essential tragedy of the human condition, puny beings powerless in front of an omnipotent and hostile fortune: â€Å"As flies to wanton boys are we to the gods; they kill us for their sport.†   Hamlet compares death to long-awaited sleep and reflects on the final peace and freedom it would bring to the tired and troubled soul: â€Å"To die,—to sleep,— /No more; and by a sleep to say we end /The heartache, and the thousand natural shocks /That flesh is heir to†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Persuaded by this metaphor, he decides in support of suicide, but soon realizes the limitations of the comparision and the deeper and far greater implications of death. Once again we find Hamlet oscillating and intrinsically incapable of deciding on a course of action which is the crux of his tragedy. Just as he is incapable of deciding whether or not to take revenge on his wicked uncle who had beyond any reasonable doubt, killed his father and married his mother, so is he incapable of moving any further than the philosophical reflections on suicide and actually taking his life.   This soliloquy by Hamlet actually brings into focus all the most crucial themes of the play. It directly addresses the issues of death and suicide the significance of which can not be understressed. Through Hamlet’s incapability of motivating himself into action, the speech problematises yet again the complex relation between human thought and action. And last but not the least, it brilliantly dramatises the impossibility of finding any certain answers in an universe which is essentially ambiguous.   The biggest mystrey of the play Hamlet concerns nobody else but the character of Hamlet, and there has never been any dearth of speculation about his real motivations, his psychology etc. However, the famous Romantic critic William Hazlitt provided an interesting angle of approaching this highly complex charater when he wrote: â€Å"It is we who are Hamlet†¦.†. Truly, Hamlet, more than anything else is a brilliant metaphor for the human condition; a perfect representation of modern man. In his inability to arrive at any fruitful decision to act on, in the overwhelming drama that goes on in his mind all the time making him suffer all the more intensely and in his almost masochistic compulsion to probe the darkest and most fearsome depths of his own mind, he is surely the most perfect figure in literature to voice the most fundamental of all human question: â€Å"To be or not to be†¦?† Works Cited    Hazlitt, William. â€Å"Characters of Shakespears Plays†. http://shakespearean.org.uk/ham1-haz.htm Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Ed. R.A. Foakes. Surrey: International Thomson Publishing Company, 1997. Shakespeare, William. King Lear. Ed. R.A. Foakes. Surrey: International Thomson Publishing Company, 1997.

Ethical Dilemmas in Psychology Essay -- Psychology

Francis Bacon helped to pioneer the new science steering people away from Aristotelian teachings. He helped to bring the scientific method to a place of learning from observation and experimentation. He felt that science should be judged by the usefulness of the results (Greenwood, 2009). Bacon projected that many great things might come out of this empirical approach, but what has ensued in the centuries that followed, Bacon and others might not have predicted. Since Bacon and others pushed for a more empirical approach, numerous discoveries have been made. During this scientific revolution throughout the 16th century was categorized with big advances such as the making of new lenses by Galileo, Kepler and Huygens leading to new information about the stars and space, Magellan circumnavigating the earth, Columbus discovering the Americas, Gutenberg’s printing press advancing literature rapidly, and a religious reformation by Martin Luther that changed the church indefinitely (Graham, 2009). The scientific revolution continued far into the 17th century which was categorized with major findings in mathematics with Leibnitz and Newton independently discovering Calculus, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek discovered bacteria, William Harvey published his findings on the circulatory system, Newton’s laws of motion, and continued work on understanding the universe (Wikipedia Selection for schools – 17th century, 2008/9). The 18th centu ry saw the invention of the steam engine which opened up the way for steel production, the discovery of photosynthesis, and the spinning jenny leading to the industrial revolution (Wikipedia Selection for schools – 18th century, 2008/9). More inventions and discoveries epitomized the 19th century which saw m... ...0062 Redlich, A. D. (2007). Double jeopardy in the interrogation room for youths with mental illness. American Psychologist. doi:10.1037/0003-066X62.6.609 Welch, M. (2010). Illusions in truth seeking: the perils of interrogation and torture in the war on terror. Social Justice, 37(2/3), 123-148. Retrieved from http://www.socialjusticejournal.org/fliers/37-2-3flier.html Wikipedia Selection for schools (2008/9). 17th century. Retrieved from http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/1/17th_century.htm Wikipedia Selection for schools (2008/9). 18th century. Retrieved from http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/1/18th_century.htm Wikipedia Selection for schools (2008/9). 19th century. Retrieved from http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/1/19th_century.htm Wikipedia Selection for schools (2008/9). 20th century. Retrieved from http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/2/20th_century.htm Ethical Dilemmas in Psychology Essay -- Psychology Francis Bacon helped to pioneer the new science steering people away from Aristotelian teachings. He helped to bring the scientific method to a place of learning from observation and experimentation. He felt that science should be judged by the usefulness of the results (Greenwood, 2009). Bacon projected that many great things might come out of this empirical approach, but what has ensued in the centuries that followed, Bacon and others might not have predicted. Since Bacon and others pushed for a more empirical approach, numerous discoveries have been made. During this scientific revolution throughout the 16th century was categorized with big advances such as the making of new lenses by Galileo, Kepler and Huygens leading to new information about the stars and space, Magellan circumnavigating the earth, Columbus discovering the Americas, Gutenberg’s printing press advancing literature rapidly, and a religious reformation by Martin Luther that changed the church indefinitely (Graham, 2009). The scientific revolution continued far into the 17th century which was categorized with major findings in mathematics with Leibnitz and Newton independently discovering Calculus, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek discovered bacteria, William Harvey published his findings on the circulatory system, Newton’s laws of motion, and continued work on understanding the universe (Wikipedia Selection for schools – 17th century, 2008/9). The 18th centu ry saw the invention of the steam engine which opened up the way for steel production, the discovery of photosynthesis, and the spinning jenny leading to the industrial revolution (Wikipedia Selection for schools – 18th century, 2008/9). More inventions and discoveries epitomized the 19th century which saw m... ...0062 Redlich, A. D. (2007). Double jeopardy in the interrogation room for youths with mental illness. American Psychologist. doi:10.1037/0003-066X62.6.609 Welch, M. (2010). Illusions in truth seeking: the perils of interrogation and torture in the war on terror. Social Justice, 37(2/3), 123-148. Retrieved from http://www.socialjusticejournal.org/fliers/37-2-3flier.html Wikipedia Selection for schools (2008/9). 17th century. Retrieved from http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/1/17th_century.htm Wikipedia Selection for schools (2008/9). 18th century. Retrieved from http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/1/18th_century.htm Wikipedia Selection for schools (2008/9). 19th century. Retrieved from http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/1/19th_century.htm Wikipedia Selection for schools (2008/9). 20th century. Retrieved from http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/2/20th_century.htm

Advantage and disadvantage of Budgeting

â€Å"Budgeting is ok in a certain environments but everything changes so quickly that budgeting is a waste of time. It provides no useful purpose and is purely an academic exercise†.â€Å"Traditional budgeting wastes time, distorts decisions, and turns honest managers into schemers. It does not have to be that way- if you are willing to sever the ties between budgets and compensation†.While discussing and making an evaluation of these statements, understanding of advantages and disadvantages of corporate budgeting is very important.This understanding is followed by the perceptive of Budget, its need and its pros and cons (advantage/disadvantage). In such term, raised questions are respectively ‘what is budget’, ‘why budget’ and ‘objective of budget’. (www.tuliptrees.com)Critical Discussion of the StatementWhat is Budget?Budget is taken as the most fundamental and the most effective financial management tool available. Nevertheless , it is an absolute time taking activity if performed correctly. It is also considered as an arduous work. But budgeting is important and beneficial†¦there are many reasons that make budgeting a good deal. (www.tuliptrees.com ) (Journal of Performance Management, 2005 by Nolan, Gregory J)Why Budget?Budget plays a very important role in planning, control and evaluation of operations. It provides a vehicle for translating programs in financial resource programs. (www.awesomelife.com )Advantages of Corporate BudgetingPlanning- It forces organization to plan to the fore and analytically anticipate the future.Maximum managers deal with a very eventful schedule and tough official activities.This prone those to avoid formalized planning unless budgeting is part of their job. If a formal plan of attack is created, it allows managers or individuals to focus on problems before they actually occur. Daily operating interruptions are therefore decreased, due to knowledge of possible problem s; they generally initiate corrective actions, rather than imprudent solutions. (Journal of Performance Management,   2005   by Nolan, Gregory J)Organizing- A proper budgeting places   economic and human resources in the most financially rewarding areas and making managers aware of any scarcity of resources.Controlling- It examines variances from conventional targets (i.e. differences between actual and budgeted) and takes counteractive actions. Actual presentation can be compared against budgeted amounts, giving managers an insight whether operations are meeting expectations or not.If scarcities arise, corrective actions can be implemented to bring the operation back on target. Specific areas can be identified and investigated. (www.methodist.com, www.awesomelife.com )Coordinating- a proper budgeting is very useful in formal harmonization, as it helps system managers of different functions to operate in various directions and to work for the profit of the company.If everybody concerned sticks to the formal plan adopted by a budget, they become aware of where the enterprise is heading and ensures that it stays on track. In a large company, operations are normally divided into different departments and under the accountability of different managers.To attain overall objectives, close coordination of activities is a necessity. The problems that could arise from a lack of coordination are massive. (Budget Basics)When a budget for the overall organization is in place, every department knows where they fit into the overall plan and can be expected to work towards it. Thus budget brings a harmony, which is very important for the growth of any company. (Management Accounting Summer   By David E Stout,   summer2008)Communicating – Budget helps in exchanging information concerning goals, ideas, and achievements. It also grows necessary interaction and develops an awareness of how each of their activities contributes to the firm's overall operation. (Bu dget Basics)Motivating – Corporate budgeting acts as a catalyst for managers of the enterprises and motivates them to work hard. It also helps in maintaining an enthusiastic attitude among them towards their jobs. It can be achieved by realistic goals and the thrill it gives when such goals are met or achieved. (Management Accounting Summer By David E Stout, summer2008)Budgeting PlansThe book ‘Budgeting Basics and Beyond’ says that budgets are prepared in two term plans. One is short term plan is another is called long term plan. (Budgeting Basics and Beyond by Jae K. Shim, Joel G. Siegel, pp27,28,29)Short term plan- these plans are typically one year plan. Nevertheless, few plans are for two years and few are just week or month long plans. These plans examine cash flow, expected earning and other expenditures. These plans basically rely on internal information and tactical objectives. Structures of such budget plans are predictable, fixed and persistently determ inable.These are based on strategic plans and concerned with existing markets and products. Short term budget area covers – product, service, department, territory, division, project and functions. These are usually expressed on a departmental basis. (Budgeting Basics and Beyond by Jae K. Shim, Joel G. Siegel, pp27, 28, 29)It includes sales, manufacturing, marketing, management, research and consolidation plans. Short term planning generally involves lower grade managers in providing inputs. In making of such budget plans, the line manger supervises and includes data in the making of long term budget planning. (Budgeting Basics and Beyond By Jae K. Shim, Joel G. Siegel, pp27, 28, 29)Long Term Planning- This is normally of a broad, tactical nature to accomplish objectives. This plan is usually five to ten years long (even more in few cases) and looks forward for the futuristic up-gradation of the company.This considers economical, political and industrial conditions too. These are formulated by upper management of the organization. They deal with products, markets, services and operation. Long term planning boosts sales, profitability, return on investment and growth of the organization.These plans need constant revision for the input of new information. It covers all major areas of business including manufacturing, marketing, finance, engineering, law, accounting, and personnel. Planning for such areas should be matched into a wide-ranging plan to achieve corporate objectives. (Budgeting Basics and Beyond By Jae K. Shim, Joel G. Siegel, pp27, 28, 29)This is taken as a combination of operating and development plans. This plan should specify ‘whet is the need’, ‘who needs it’ and ‘when it is needed’. Its responsibility should be assigned to segments.Goal of long term planning includes market share, new business areas, new distributive channels, cost reduction, capital maintenance, and risks of cost reduction.Features of a good long term planning include flexibility, motivation, measurability and compatibility. These planning’s are intended for growth of the organization, product development, plant expansion and financing. (Budgeting Basics and Beyond By Jae K. Shim, Joel G. Siegel, pp 27, 28, 29)Long term budget planning is believed to be details of accomplishments of strategic plans. It incorporates evaluating alternatives, developing financial information, analyzing activities, allocating resources, manpower planning, finance analysis and production planning.Time period for a long term plan depends on the time required for the product development, life cycle of the product and construction of capital facilities. Long term planning offers more alternatives in the comparison of short term planning.It is more effective when there is greater uncertainty in economy and business environment. Nevertheless, planning of short term budget is easier than long term budget, as a long term budget de als with greater uncertainties. (Budgeting Basics and Beyond By Jae K. Shim, Joel G. Siegel, pp27, 28, 29)

Nuclear Weapons Persuasive Essay Essay

Should every country have the right to possess nuclear weapons? On the 6th November 1945, a United States bomber flew towards the Japanese city of Hiroshima. The only cargo aboard that B-29 bomber was an atomic bomb – ironically nicknamed â€Å"Little Boy† – that was to be dropped on its target. At 8.15am and at a height of around 2,000ft the bomb exploded above Hiroshima, taking 140,000 lives with it. Most of the 140,000 died instantly, horrifyingly the rest of the innocent civilians that were not in direct contact with the bomb died painful deaths in the four months following. They died from radiation sickness and different types of cancers. Whilst the atomic bomb is considered as one of the greatest inventions of all time, in terms of how it could protect a nation, is it really worth having numerous amounts of governments on edge at the thought of a weapon so powerful? Ronald Reagan described nuclear weapons as: â€Å"Totally irrational, totally inhumane, good for nothing but killing, possibly leading to the destruction o f life on Earth and civilisation.† He spoke nothing but the truth. US President Reagan was a nuclear abolitionist. He believed that the only reason to have nuclear weaponry was to prevent the Soviet Union from using theirs. Between them alone the United States and Russia have more than 90% of the world’s nuclear weapons. Why do these countries feel the need to posses so many nuclear warheads? Dominance, power and paranoia. Although some of their weapons may simply just be left over from the Cold War, this is not an excuse. They could have easily been destroyed by now. Countries like Russia and the United States crave power. In modern times the most important substance to guarantee power is weapons. Countries in possession of nuclear weapons use them to scare and intimidate other nations. One day this could backfire and the consequences would be deadly. Take North Korea and America. When Kim-Jong Un tried to invade South Korea, Barack Obama threatened them with an atomic bomb. As soon as that was done North Korea knew they had a major diplomatic issue and rescinded their threat. A major threat to world peace is the potential issue that certain smaller countries are likely to rebel against being manipulated and not having the ability to retaliate. To ensure that they avoid being bullied by bigger powers they may start to produce their own nuclear warheads. As previously stated, the  reason two superpowers like Russia and the United States maintain a significant arsenal of nuclear weaponry is down to the fact that frankly, they are paranoid. If you can stockpile most of the nuclear warheads in the world then surely nobody could ever harm your country. This is certainly not the case. By having so many dangerous weapons you are not only a bigger threat to potential enemies but practically there is the additional threat that Terrorists could pose if they ever managed to secure or steal some of these weapons. Morally we should also be questioning the validity of nuclear weapons, if the leaders of a country say that it is ok to use an extreme sanction like nuclear weapons to threaten enemies then what’s to say that civilians do not do the same thing on a smaller scale? In the beginning of the atomic age atom bombs were created to end the war and to save numerous lives. By this I mean that arguably, multitudinous lives were saved due to the fact that when the bomb was dropped on Hiroshima the Japanese virtually surrendered straight away. If they hadn’t surrendered the war possibly would have gone on for a lot longer. In contrast to this, look at what has become of nuclear weapons now. Instead of saving lives, atomic bombs are now kept with the intention of unnecessary mass murder. What makes the monsters that enforce the use of nuclear weaponry any different from Adolf Hitler, Pol Pot or Joseph Stalin? Even though the atomic bombs are not in use at this moment, anyone or any g overnment in possession of these weapons have the intention to inflict large amounts of pain on vast number of people. Rajiv Gandhi said that the â€Å"nuclear war will not mean the death of one hundred million people. Or even a thousand million. It will mean the extinction of four thousand million: the end of life as we know it on planet earth.† The prospect of a nuclear war is just a horrendous thought, a thought that should never cross our minds. Recently, President Barack Obama and Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev signed a treaty saying that both countries are willing to reduce their amount of nuclear weapons by one third. It is comforting to see that the US and Russia are starting to destroy their atomic bombs but it is not good enough. They need to stop reducing their arsenal of weapons and eliminate them completely. Opponents of this idea claim that owning arnaments like atomic bombs mutually assures governments that they both have the potential for ultimate destruction. But is that really a good or virtuous thing? People who appear to be psychopaths  run a number of countries. For instance take the ruler of Zimbabwe: Robert Mugabe. He is at the potentially senile age of 89. His mind is failing. Can you begin to comprehend what would happen if he got his hands on an atomic bomb? The result would be anarchy. Or take the ruler of Syria, President Assad. He has already murdered masses of people by chemical gas attack and has publicly stated that he would destroy the state of Israel. For rulers like these men to possess weapons with such a huge destructive potential is a simply ludicrous thought. If some unhinged individual were to drop an atomic bomb now it would result in retaliation and possibly the biggest global catastrophe this planet has ever seen. We need to think about the consequences. It is a statement of fact that the more of something being produced the easier it is to acquire. Yes, this can concern nuclear weapons also. When more nuclear warheads are being manufactured there is a bigger chance of them being stolen or worse being detonated. Therefore, there is a much larger risk of them falling into the wrong hands. According to the International Atomic Energy Agency, there have been 18 cases of loss but most likely theft of uranium and plutonium. These elements are key when constructing a bomb. To make matters worse, there have been 11 whole nuclear bombs lost in the United States. They have never been recovered. If agencies and governments are finding it hard to keep track of their materials now, think of how impossible it would be if every country had their own arsenal of nuclear weapons? If these lost bombs are in the hands of terrorists at present I can guarantee that they will currently be considering how best to us e them to maximise their effect. To conclude, the fact is that if every country were to have the right to possess nuclear weapons we would all be living in constant fear of attack. Our lives would be very different; we would be insecure with regards to our safety and this would impact greatly on how we lived our lives – we would need to be significantly more vigilant. A small example of this is the potential effect that liquid explosives has on air travel where we can’t take any fluids that are more than 100ml into an airport. That is just for liquid explosives, what limits would be required to ensure nuclear components weren’t being smuggled? If one country were to drop a bomb it would set off a chain reaction, all it would take is for one rogue state or  organisation to detonate a bomb and the world would effectively end through nuclear Armageddon. BIBLIOGRAPHY http://nonukes.org/cd18_sixarg.htm http://www.abolishnukes.com/short_essays/ten_reasons_krieger.html http://www.debate.org/opinions/should-nuclear-weapons-be-abolished http://debatewise.org/debates/144-eliminate-all-nuclear-weapons/

The Reader as Critic Writing a Reader-Response Essay

The Reader as Critic Writing a Reader-Response Essay The Reader as Critic: Writing a Reader-Response Essay Reading, for many, is a visceral response to words on a page. When viewing from the critical lens of reader-response theory, meaning is extracted through reading. Literature becomes a transaction between the reader and the text. The readers personal experience is used to evaluate the meaning of the work. Connection with the text differs the reader-response approach from other literary studies. Reader-response criticism requires the reader to discover the meaning of the text by considering their emotional response and personal experience while reading. This literary theory renders each text or novel open to multiple interpretations. The Textual Interpretation Here’s how to outline a literary analysis essay: Intro: The Hook Your thesis statement is the heart that beats life into the essay. Make it count. Incorporate the name of the author and the title of the text in your beginning paragraph. Body: Textual Evidence Textual evidence involves quoting phrases from the chosen text to justify your arguments. Since it is a form of evidence, citing should be followed with a page number at the end of the quoted phrase or statement. For example, if you are doing a critical reading of Haruki Murakamis Hear the Wind Sing, you might write: Murakami writes, At which point I had discovered that I had turned into a person incapable of expressing more than half of what he felt (72). As you read through the assigned text, there will be phrases or sentences that stir up responses in you. Have a pen and paper handy to record every response. Here are some questions to help you approach the short story or novel and present a paper supporting your thesis. How does the book affect you? Every form of literature is written with a reader or listener in mind. Ideally, it employs a tone capable of evoking emotions that may remind you of your past or propels you to the future. Does the text support your worldview? Cite a quotation in your essay to support your stance. Are any of your opinions strengthened or challenged? Write in detail (with quoted passages from the book to illustrate your point) why it moved you or failed to win you over. Does it tackle significant social issues? Give concrete examples from the book. Reflect upon how it portrays or addresses issues in society. Conclusion Go back to your thesis statement and summarize your critical analysis in one paragraph. You can also include your overall impression of the text and if you believe others will benefit from reading it. Remember that although this type of essay is centred on you as the reader, you are still writing a critical paper. Avoid using phrases like â€Å"in my opinion† and â€Å"I think.† Focus on the overall value of the work and back it up with textual evidence. The schedule of any student can get crowded and overwhelming. Get writing help from our professional team of experienced writers at .

Long-Range Planning in the Present World Environment Assignment

Long-Range Planning in the Present World Environment - Assignment Example Terror attacks, war, and nuclear dilemmas facing the world were additional topics requiring brainstorming at the event. Former U.S. President Clinton maintained that climate change is the only crisis "that has the power to end the march of civilization as we know it." Otherwise, "There is no reason for pessimism," declared Jeroen van der Veer, chief executive of Royal Dutch Shell (Environment News Service 2006). A Dutch managing director claimed that 'long-range planning is nowadays seen as an academic exercise' given that the times are uncertain and the environment turbulent. We have heard that the polar ice cap was depleted by a staggering fourteen percent between the years 2004 and 2005. Now if another Ice Age was to commence in six to seven years and we were sure that this would happen, companies could do away with long-range planning. Since there is no definite date for the end of the world, however, companies must do what they have always done - plan and forecast. Yes, there are forces beyond the control of people of the world. Besides, threats of violence around the globe have not been put to an end. We have already witnessed the effects of war and terror on the economic state of the world. Still, uncertainty has always been the present state of the world. ... Companies of all sizes continue to operate everywhere on earth. Life is going on without any surety as to what would happen in five to ten years' time. Natural disasters do occur and both small and large companies do lose a lot of money. Firms die and new ones are born. CEO's retire and younger ones take their place. Nevertheless, companies must continue to make long term plans about running their businesses as productively as possible, taking into account the external factors that could disturb the process in between. No company can survive with its focus on a big scale disaster. Therefore, businessmen would go on making budgets and deciding how to increase their sales over the coming years. Short and long term planning combined is the lifeblood of all firms and would be carried on for as long as the earth endures. Furthermore, today's business environment is fast changing because of innovations in technology. Companies must be taking into account all factors that spell change whils t planning; these factors not only include technology but also forces that the world does not fully understand at this point in time. As Gordon C. Robbins (1995) puts it, "A good deal of organizational planning . . . is like a ritual rain dance. It has no effect on the weather that follows. . . . Much of the advice related to planning is directed at improving the dancing, not the weather." Long-Range Planning Business planning has two aspects: quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative planning is number crunching based on market reports, for example. Qualitative plans, on the other hand, consist of descriptions and explanations. A long-range business plan includes both qualitative and quantitative aspects. It is the qualitative aspect that

Cross-cultural Training Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Cross-cultural Training - Essay Example Outsourcing poses a number of advantages to so-called host countries as this provides job opportunities for the local residents. In addition thereto, the local governments also earn revenues because of taxes and trade. Consequently, outsourcing is also poses a number of advantages for the company in question, because of this process, a new structure is provided for these organisations which enable them to cut down their productivity costs. To ensure maximum benefits related thereto, human resources employed by these multinational countries must be trained appropriately in order to conform to the business needs, Doye (2002) discusses. More often than not, when a company is outsourced, a qualified local resident or an expatriate is commissioned by the company to conduct the training and ensure that the company is properly set up in the host countries. According to Wittingslow (n.d.), the local headhunters must work hand in hand with the company in order to find suitable people to fill in the vacancies. This is deemed of paramount importance as the human resource officers are necessary in order to ensure that contracts and job offers are put together to remain competitive in the existing job market (Wittingslow n.d.). It is usually because of the abovementioned that outsourced companies face problems with respect to cultural diversity in the workplace. These multinational companies, in the process of outsourcing usually have a set of human resource policies that are in place. Nevertheless, these laws are usually tailored in order to comply with the labor laws of the host countries wherein they are placed. In addition thereto, the abovementioned situation also results to serious problems as regards the matter by which human resource management must be crafted in order to cater to this set up. Given this, the paper focuses on the role of cross-cultural training. Thus, to ensure a more extensive discussion of the topic at hand, this literature review shall be divided into the following sections: (1) Introduction, (2) Human Resource Management in the Twenty First Century: HRM and Outsourcing; (3) Cultural Distance: An Overview; and finally, (4) Barriers to the Workplace and Cross-Cultural Training. Hu man Resource Management in the Twenty First Century: HRM and Outsourcing Human Resource Management is often defined as the manner by which human talent is effectively and efficiently used in order to achieve the goals of the organisation (Mathis and Jackson 2007). It is the essential art of the process by which the organisation focuses on the people who belong to the latter. Tayeb (2005) mentions that whilst the aforementioned is usually the accepted definition of human resource management, the manner by which the same is carried out differs from one country to another. The traditional concept of human resource management has however, evolved. With the outsourcing of labor Tayeb (2005) believes that the human resource department plays a much bigger role. Generally, there are two cases by which the human resourc